概述
搜索由普通的结构化搜索到高级搜索是搜索框架必须要面临的问题，本文试图从基本的结构化搜索逐渐深入说明如何使用solr的高级搜索特性，并全面梳理一下定义一个搜索规则的整体思维方式
标准结构化查询
结构化查询一般出现在关系型数据库中，这些基本的查询都可以使用solr基本的查询参数来完成，在Solr Admin页面你可以看到如下基本的查询参数
- defType 参数
- sort 参数
- start 参数
- rows 参数
- fq（Filter Query）参数
- fl（Field List）参数
- wt 参数
- debug 参数
可以根据以上参数实现过滤下载量在1000~1500之前的数据，并且只显示前10条，以
json返回信息
- 查询条件
curl http://10.3.142.194:8080/solr/gamev2/select?fq=downloadCount:[1000 TO 1500]&start=0&rows=2&wt=json&q=*:*
- 响应内容
{
"responseHeader": {
"status": 0,
"QTime": 1,
"params": {
"start": "0",
"q": "*:*",
"wt": "json",
"fq": "downloadCount:[1000 TO 1500]",
"rows": "2"
}
},
"response": {
"numFound": 103,
"start": 0,
"docs": [{
"id": "1877892",
"name": "手残大联盟",
"pinyin": "shoucandalianmeng",
"suoxie": "scdlm",
"keyword": "休闲时间",
"publisher": "apkkpa",
"ismstore": 1,
"recentCount": 5,
"downloadCount": 1400,
"subscribeCount": 0,
"catId": 2,
"package": "com.avalon.AvalonHardest",
"purchase": 0,
"appId": 1877892,
"vId": 5085129,
"ss": 50,
"icon": "http://img.wdjimg.com/mms/icon/v1/9/81/fd4b6da4deecafea170012a7dd471819_256_256.png",
"size": 54789471,
"source": 1,
"_version_": 1610077964134776832
}, {
"id": "1889060",
"name": "小苹果儿：根本停不下来",
"pinyin": "xiaopingguoer：genbentingbuxialai",
"suoxie": "xpge：gbtbxl",
"keyword": "坑爹游戏 小苹果儿 小苹果 苹果 停不下来",
"publisher": "ipeaksoft",
"ismstore": 1,
"recentCount": 14,
"downloadCount": 1033,
"subscribeCount": 0,
"catId": 2,
"package": "com.ipeaksoft.xiaoPingGuo",
"purchase": 0,
"appId": 1889060,
"vId": 5302291,
"ss": 50,
"icon": "http://img.wdjimg.com/mms/icon/v1/1/7a/2243c605206d92b7d5d686344e3ab7a1_256_256.png",
"size": 24829967,
"source": 1,
"_version_": 1610077964145262593
}]
}
}
看以看出我们完全可以不用
q参数，仅仅利用fq参数就能实现基本的结构化查询，过滤出我们想要的信息
高级查询
solr提供个三种默认的查询解析器，并且提供其他的查询解析器，这些解析器的核心就是对上面的q参数使用你设置的解析器进行查询解析
标准化查询
标准化查询即是利用术语表达式自由组合参数进而查询特定字段，进行组合查询，查询规则：字段名：查询内容
- 查询条件
curl http://10.3.142.194:8080/solr/gamev2/select?start=0&rows=2&wt=json&q=name:荣耀 OR keyword:军团
- 响应
{
"responseHeader": {
"status": 0,
"QTime": 2,
"params": {
"start": "0",
"q": "name:荣耀 OR keyword:军团",
"wt": "json",
"rows": "2"
}
},
"response": {
"numFound": 80,
"start": 0,
"docs": [{
"id": "3181385",
"name": "荣耀军团",
"pinyin": "rongyaojuntuan",
"suoxie": "ryjt",
"keyword": "魔幻 荣耀 军团 奇迹",
"publisher": "猎手互动科技有限公司",
"ismstore": 1,
"recentCount": 0,
"downloadCount": 3333,
"subscribeCount": 0,
"catId": 2,
"package": "com.ls.ryjt.mz",
"purchase": 1,
"appId": 3181385,
"vId": 7697628,
"ss": 50,
"icon": "http://game.res.meizu.com/fileserver/app_icon/9096/f25eb30ee61841a4a53707b69f37754d.png",
"size": 313299696,
"label": "RPG 即时 MMO-分类 男生游戏 魔幻-分类",
"source": 0,
"_version_": 1610077965232635904
}, {
"id": "3200263",
"name": "我的荣耀",
"pinyin": "woderongyao",
"suoxie": "wdry",
"keyword": "红警 二战 坦克 荣耀 将军 策略 国战 军团 塔防 第五人格 红色警戒 绝地求生 坦克连 指挥官 装甲 合金弹头 帝国战争 共和国之辉 文明 射击",
"publisher": "深圳市中泰源科技有限公司",
"ismstore": 1,
"recentCount": 0,
"downloadCount": 9,
"subscribeCount": 261,
"catId": 2,
"package": "com.wdry.hegsbl.mz",
"purchase": 1,
"appId": 3200263,
"vId": 7688272,
"ss": 52,
"icon": "http://game.res.meizu.com/fileserver/app_icon/9056/29944b9fd09d4d18b484ec4dc88c5a50.png",
"size": 0,
"source": 0,
"_version_": 1610077965200130049
}]
}
}
本地参数个性化查询解析器
指定查询解析器
- 查询条件
curl http://10.3.142.194:8080/solr/gamev2/select?start=0&rows=2&wt=json&q=荣耀&defType=dismax&qf=name
如果不适用本地参数需要指定defType也就是查询解析器名称，pf指定查询的字段，这样q参数就不要指定查询字段了
- 响应
{
"responseHeader": {
"status": 0,
"QTime": 2,
"params": {
"start": "0",
"q": "荣耀",
"qf": "name",
"wt": "json",
"defType": "dismax",
"rows": "2"
}
},
"response": {
"numFound": 68,
"start": 0,
"docs": [{
"id": "1636041",
"name": "小小荣耀军团",
"pinyin": "xiaoxiaorongyaojuntuan",
"suoxie": "xxryjt",
"keyword": "横版 策略 动作 免费 对战 魔兽 兽人 精灵 人类 2d 卷轴",
"publisher": "silentmoon",
"ismstore": 1,
"recentCount": 338,
"downloadCount": 11346,
"subscribeCount": 0,
"catId": 2,
"package": "com.SilverMoon.Legions.en",
"purchase": 0,
"appId": 1636041,
"vId": 5026741,
"ss": 50,
"icon": "http://img.wdjimg.com/mms/icon/v1/4/1e/462b679acf2e4ed10f21bb4a817dd1e4_256_256.png",
"size": 31966652,
"source": 1,
"_version_": 1610077964130582529
}, {
"id": "2245690",
"name": "血之荣耀2",
"pinyin": "xiezhirongyao2",
"suoxie": "xzry2",
"keyword": "",
"publisher": "格融移动科技（北京）有限公司",
"ismstore": 1,
"recentCount": 120013,
"downloadCount": 956,
"subscribeCount": 0,
"catId": 2,
"package": "com.glu.gladiator2.tencent",
"purchase": 0,
"appId": 2245690,
"vId": 5656536,
"ss": 50,
"icon": "http://img.wdjimg.com/mms/icon/v1/a/18/573fee58028634e2adb547815e16618a_256_256.png",
"size": 199130755,
"source": 1,
"_version_": 1610077964162039808
}]
}
}
嵌套查询
有时需要针对不同的字段选用不同的查询解析器，因而可以在q查询参数中使用本地参数
- 查询条件
curl http://10.3.142.194:8080/solr/gamev2/select?q= _query_:"{!edismax pf=name v=$q1}"&q1=name:冒险岛&start=0&row=10&wt=json
这里是使用edismax查询解析通过magic 指定，使用参数引用的方式，其跟如下指定查询字段是一样的
http://10.3.142.194:8080/solr/gamev2/select?q= _query_:"{!edismax qf=name pf=name v=$q1}"&q1=冒险岛&start=0&rows=10&wt=json&fl=id,name,keyword
为了改进搜索结果，增加pf参数，当所有字段匹配结果相同，通过这个字段指定，进而提升文档的搜索排名
- 响应结果
{
"responseHeader": {
"status": 0,
"QTime": 1,
"params": {
"fl": "id,name,keyword",
"start": "0",
"q1": "冒险岛",
"q": " _query_:\"{!edismax qf=name pf=name v=$q1}\"",
"wt": "json",
"rows": "10"
}
},
"response": {
"numFound": 185,
"start": 0,
"docs": [{
"id": "2607646",
"name": "永不言弃之冒险岛",
"keyword": "像素 永不言弃 冒险岛"
}, {
"id": "3216166",
"name": "超级冒险岛",
"keyword": ""
}, {
"id": "3216444",
"name": "热血冒险岛",
"keyword": ""
}, {
"id": "3216561",
"name": "冒险岛手游",
"keyword": ""
}, {
"id": "3216591",
"name": "部落冒险岛",
"keyword": ""
}, {
"id": "3217945",
"name": "冒险王国金银岛",
"keyword": ""
}, {
"id": "3220053",
"name": "香瓜岛大冒险",
"keyword": ""
}, {
"id": "3221049",
"name": "冒险军团（冒险与挖矿）",
"keyword": ""
}, {
"id": "3216246",
"name": "滑雪大冒险探险时光",
"keyword": ""
}, {
"id": "2075740",
"name": "松鼠大冒险",
"keyword": "休闲时间"
}]
}
}
利用bf增加文档分数
这里使用了本地函数，具体函数列表参见：Function Queries
http://10.3.142.194:8080/solr/gamev2/select?q= _query_:"{!edismax bf =log(sum(1,div(downloadCount,10000))) qf=name pf=name v=$q1}"&q1=冒险岛&start=0&rows=10&wt=json&fl=id,name,keyword,downloadCount
- 响应结果
{
"responseHeader": {
"status": 0,
"QTime": 2,
"params": {
"fl": "id,name,keyword,downloadCount",
"start": "0",
"q1": "冒险岛",
"q": " _query_:\"{!edismax bf =log(sum(1,div(downloadCount,10000))) qf=name pf=name v=$q1}\"",
"wt": "json",
"rows": "10"
}
},
"response": {
"numFound": 185,
"start": 0,
"docs": [{
"id": "2607646",
"name": "永不言弃之冒险岛",
"keyword": "像素 永不言弃 冒险岛",
"downloadCount": 78895
}, {
"id": "3216166",
"name": "超级冒险岛",
"keyword": "",
"downloadCount": 0
}, {
"id": "3216444",
"name": "热血冒险岛",
"keyword": "",
"downloadCount": 0
}, {
"id": "3216561",
"name": "冒险岛手游",
"keyword": "",
"downloadCount": 0
}, {
"id": "3216591",
"name": "部落冒险岛",
"keyword": "",
"downloadCount": 0
}, {
"id": "3217945",
"name": "冒险王国金银岛",
"keyword": "",
"downloadCount": 0
}, {
"id": "3220053",
"name": "香瓜岛大冒险",
"keyword": "",
"downloadCount": 0
}, {
"id": "3221049",
"name": "冒险军团（冒险与挖矿）",
"keyword": "",
"downloadCount": 0
}, {
"id": "3216246",
"name": "滑雪大冒险探险时光",
"keyword": "",
"downloadCount": 0
}, {
"id": "1752541",
"name": "保卫萝卜2：极地冒险",
"keyword": "塔防守卫 闯关 萌系 塔防 冒险",
"downloadCount": 10498561
}]
}
}
可以看到在相同关键字冒险岛下载排名多的搜索结果靠前